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John Gach Books, Inc. 10514 Marriottsville Road (Rear Building) PO Box 267 Randallstown, Maryland 21133 |
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John Gach Books, Inc. 10514 Marriottsville Road (Rear Building) PO Box 267 Randallstown, Maryland 21133 |
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One of the truly original American thinkers, whose academic career was ended when he was caught by the police in a black brothel in Baltimore, Baldwin was one of the founders of modern psychology in general and social psychology in particular. His ideas influenced G. H. Mead, Piaget, and Vygotsky. Baldwin provided an elegant explanation to account for the effects of acquired characteristics without resorting to Lamarckism ("the Baldwin effect"), though as Robert Richards pointed out in his Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior, others such as Conway Lloyd Morgan had also come up with the same idea in the 1890s. His concept of organic selection were originally published in papers later brought together in Development and Evolution and discussed again in Darwin and the Humanities (the original edition of which, like all of Baldwin's later books, is rare).
14 papers including Alan Ryan's "The Nature of Human Nature in Hobbes and Rousseau"; Jeann-Marie Benoist's "Classicism Revisited: Human Nature and Structure in Lévi-Strauss and Chomsky"; Koestler's "The Limits of Ma and His Predicament"; David Bohm's "Human Nature as the Product of our Mental Models"; Raymond Williams's "Social Darwinism"; John Maynard Smith's "Can We Change Human Nature? The Evidence of Genetics"; Michael Chance's "The Dimensions of Our Social Behavior"; Liam Hudson's "The Limits of Human Intelligence"; Max Clowes's "Man the Creative Machine: A Perspective from Artificial Intelligence Research"; Terry Winograd's "The Processes of Language Understanding."
Birks was Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Cambridge. A scathing critique of evolutionary theory, especially as advanced in Spencer's First Principles. Originally given as lectures in 1875-76.
Published after a lengthy correspondence with Darwin, Brown's first book is essentially a devastating 560 page book review. Brown's criticisms mostly concern problems of sensation and the association of ideas. The influence of Berkeley & Reid is evident throughout. Brown was one of the first English-speaking philosophers to take note of Kant, writing an article on him for the second number of the Edinburgh Review.
Harkness Butler Bibliography, p. 36.
Butler adopted a radical form of Lamarckianism, contending that much of inheritance was based on habit making a feature ingrained, so that the trait could be passed on to future generations. Originally, Butler thought that he was adding an important modification to Darwin's theory — but then he discovered that Lamarck had proposed such a theory 50 years earlier. He read Mivart's Genesis of Species, with its powerful critique of natural selection, and concluded that Darwin was a charlatan who had taken all his good ideas from Lamarck except for natural selection. By the time it appeared in 1878 Butler's book had transformed from a companion to Darwin into a fierce attack. What Butler most objected to was the exclusion of mind from a Darwinian universe. He continued to write books promoting his own, private vision of evolution — Evolution Old and New in 1879; Unconscious Memory in 1880; and Luck, or Cunning? in 1887 — all championing his version of Lamarck's theory, all excoriating Darwin, and all completely unsuccessful.
Scottish statesman and scientific writer, Campbell was a staunch anti-Darwinist.
Candolle, who succeeded his father in 1835 in the Chair of Botany and in the directorship of the Botanical Gardens, is most famous for his 1855 Géographie botanique raisonnée, still the key work of phytogeography. In 1873 "he published a remarkable book, Histoire des sciences et des savants depuis deux siècles, [which] displays both the naturalist's objectivity and the jurist's clarity. Darwin had just published his own works when Candolle wrote the Histoire; and Candolle was enthusiastic over the thesis of natural selection, which he applied with keen intelligence to the moral and intellectual characteristics of man and of human societies" [DSB III, p. 42].
Contains D. I. Wallis, Aggression in Social Insects—L. Harrison Matthews, Overt Fighting in Mammals—Konrad Lorenz, Ritualized Fighting—K. R. L. Hall, Physiological Background to Aggression—Thelma Veness, Introduction to Hostility in Small Groups—Denis Hill, Aggression and Mental Illness—James Laver, Costume as a Means of Social Aggression—Derek Freeman, Human Aggression in Anthropological Perspective—Stanislav Andreski, Origins of War—Anthony Storr, Possible Substitutes for War—John Burton, The Nature of Aggression as Revealed in the Atomic Age.
Clevenger's penultimate book, the origin of which lay in his work in his neuropathological and psychiatric work: "As reform endeavors availed nothing, a determination was made to discover the reasons for the too frequent brutalities in public charity institutions, and the apathy of citizens concerning them. The studies expanded into this volume, passing far beyond their original bounds …" [preface]. Very much based on Darwin and Haeckel, Clevenger surveys the evolution of mind from the time of early man, with chapters on heredity & degeneracy, superstition, hunger & love, acquisitveness, development of mind, evolution of the brain, senses & feelings, instincts & emotions, intellectual faculties, mental diseases, etc. Not very original, but pretty much a state-of-the-art survey of Darwinist ideas just at the time of the rediscovery of Mendel (which Clevenger apparently didn't know about).Clevenger, born to a notable Cincinnati stonecutter-turned-sculptor, started out as a civil engineer and surveyor for the U.S. Engineer Corps during the Civil War and becoming after the war Chief Engineer for the Dakota Southern Railway. After trying to expose western land and Indian Department misdeeds, he became disillusioned with politicians and corruption and abandoned engineering for medicine, graduating from Chicago Medical College (later Northwestern University) i 1879, only to encounter the same Gilded Age corruption and criminality at the Insane Asylum of Cook County, where he had gained employment as a pathologist. Attempts on his life persuaded him to resign in 1884, although his continued campaign for reform resulted in some convictions. In 1893 he was appointed medical superintendent of the Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane in Kankakee, where he opposed state & county officials who stole from the institution and abused patients. His tenure there lasted but three months. In 1900 he was appointed professor of neurology and psychiatry at Harvey Medical College. He is most important in the history of psychiatry for publishing in 1889 the first American book on "railway spine" and a massive 1898 treatise on medical jurisprudence.
Using Spencer's own words, Collins' book condenses into a single volume the entire Synthetic Philosophy, which consists of "First Principles"; "The Principles of Biology"; "The Principles of Psychology"; "The Principles of Sociology"; "The Principles of Morality." The extensively enlarged & revised edition of Spencer's "Psychology" (which is what is here abstracted) is a key book in the development of neurology and neuropsychology, since it was the source of Hughlings Jackson's ideas of evolved hierarchies, with the most recently acquired mental functions being lost first.
Mostly an application of evolutionary theory to human affairs.
Of extraordinary importance for the development of all the human sciences. The word evolution occurs for the first time in any of Darwin's works on page 2.
Freeman #1043.
On the basis of close observation of his children and pets for many years, Darwin conclusively refuted Charles Bell's concept that the expressive muscles in man are a special endowment, formulating three principles underlying emotional expression: 1) Certain movements and actions indicate a particular state of mind and will be reproduced when this state of mind is induced, even though they are of no use; 2) when the state of mind is reversed, the actions are reversed; 3) certain reflex actions depend on the structure of the nervous system. Published the year after The Descent of Man, Expression of the Emotions in effect extended evolutionary theory to psychology. Following in Darwin's path, Romanes and Lloyd Morgan created the discipline of comparative psychology.
Freeman #1333.
Largely devoted to the history and pre-history of evolutionary theory and Darwinism.
Facsimile reprints of 22 classic papers.
Contains chapters on the doctrine of evolution; E. L. Youmans; the part played by infancy in the evolution of man. Fiske was instrumental in spreading awareness of Darwinian notions in 19th century America.
GM 233. A continuation of Galton's classic anthropometric studies begun with the publication of Hereditary Genius."By the employment of statistical methods Galton propounded a 'law of filial regression.' This book represents the first statistical study of biological variation and inheritance" [GM].
15 papers including Cravioto "Nutritional Deficiencies and Mental Performance in Childhood"; Suchman "Sociocultural Factors in Nutritional Studies"; Mason "Early Social Deprivation in the Nonhuman Primates: Implications for Human Behavior"; Yarrow "The Crucial Nature of Early Experience"; Marler & Gordon "Social Environment of Infant Macaques"; Mirsky "Communication of Affects in Monkeys"; Dubos "Environmental Determinants of Humna Life"; Kagan "On Cultural Deprivation"; Bronfenbrenner "When Is Infant Stimulation Effective"; Cottrell "Perception, Cognitive Maps, and Covert Behavior".
Contains historical chapters on preformation & epigenesis; Lamarck; Darwin; Haeckel; Mivart; Galton; Weismann, Roux, His, & Driesch; Pearson & William Bateson; Garstang, de Beer, & Richard Goldschmidt; Fisher, Haldane, & Sewall Wright.
5 additional volumes were published in the series over the next 6 years.
Scientific spiritualism with chapters on the biologic basis of ethics and religion and on the role of maternal love in organic evolution.
Haeckel's spirited defense against the virulently anti-evolutionist Virchow's attack on his advocacy for teaching evolution in the schools. Haeckel was the leading 19th century German Darwinist. First English translation issued by Kegan Paul in 1879; 1st American edition by Appleton the same year.
Perhaps the principal exposition of Haeckel's "monistic philosophy."
A vitriolic anti-evolution treatise.
Contains "Evolution and Ethics" [1893]; "Evolution and Ethics: Prolegomana" [1894]; "Science and Morals" [1886]; "Capital—the Mother of Labour" [1890]; "SAocial Diseases and Worse Remedies" [1891].
Contains "Autobiography"; "On the Advisableness of Improving Natural Knowledge" (1866); "The Progress of Science" (1887); "On the Physical basis of Life" (1868); "On Dscartes' 'Discourse Touching the Method of Using One's Reason Rightly and of Seeking Scientific Truth" (1870); "On the Hypothesis that Animals are Automata, and Its History" (1874); "Administrative Nihilism" (1871); "On the Natural Inequality of Men" (1890); "Natural Rights and Political Rights" (1890); "Government: Anarchy or Regimentation" (1890).
Contains Siegfried Bernfeld "Die heutige Psychologie der Pubertät"; Imre Hermann "Charles Darwin"; F. Lowitzky "Bedeutung der Libidoschicksale für die Bildung religiöser Ideen."
Professor of Surgery at Jefferson Medical College from 1889 to 1907, Keen was a pioneer American neurosurgeon who performed the first operation in Americ to correct microcephaly.
An important period contribution to social darwinism, which was translated into many languages and reprinted often.
English physician, chemist, and geologist, Kidd became Reader in Chemistry at Oxford in 1801 and in 1803 was elected the first Aidrichian Professor of Chemistry. He then voluntarily gave lectures on mineralogy and geology, which introduced William Conybeare, William Buckland, Charles Daubeny, and others to geology. Through his efforts the first geological chair (held by Buckland) was established at Oxford. In 1818 he was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and in 1822 Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford. In 1834 he was appointed keeper of the Radcliffe Library and in delivered in the same year the Harveian Oration before the Royal College of Physicians.
Cordasco 30-0531.
Wozniak Mind & Body: Renè Descartes to William James #10. Largely devoted to discussion of the nervous system, animal automatism, and the reflex theory.The classic formulation of dual-aspect monism. Lewes held that mental and physical descriptions were not intertranslatable and, thus, that the psychological was not reducible to the physical.
Wozniak Mind & Body: Renè Descartes to William James #10.
"Lyell's summary discussion of the evidence for human antiquity 'introduced a wide readership to the new view and to the facts that supported it, thus laying the synthetic foundation for future work' (Grayson). This work also contained Lyell's first published statements about Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection" (GM 204.1).Section 2: Evolution, Darwinism, Social Darwinism, Sociobiology (M-Z)
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