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John Gach Books, Inc. 10514 Marriottsville Road (Rear Building) PO Box 267 Randallstown, Maryland 21133 |
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John Gach Books, Inc. 10514 Marriottsville Road (Rear Building) PO Box 267 Randallstown, Maryland 21133 |
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Section 2: History of Science & Technology (F-L)
Section 4: History of Science & Technology (S-Z)
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Osler 3295 (1st edition); Cole Chemical Catalog 855; Blake p. 281; Partington III, p. 143; Wellcome IV, p. 5 (1st, 2nd, & Dublin editions only); Bolton I, p. 644. The last edition, with the author's final revisions.
- Macbride served for a short time as surgeon's mate on a hospital ship, from which he got an interest in the diseases of seamen, especially scurvy. In 1748 he attended lectures by Alexander Monro (primus) in Edinburgh as well as William Hunter's lectures on the same subject in London. In 1751 he moved from his native Ballymoney, Scotland, to Dublin, where he joined and read papers before the Medico-Philosophical Society, becoming its secretary in 1762. Macbride advised the use of fresh wort, or infusion of malt, for scurvy. Through a mutual friend his ideas on the subject were communicated in 1762 to William Hunter and Henry Tone, one of the commissioners for taking care of sick and wounded seamen. Nothing much seems to have been done, however, and James Lind's suggestion of lemon juice superceded Macbride's proposed cure. His 1764 book Experimental Essays, devoted mostly to his chemical experiments but also printing his essay on scurvy as essay #4, had considerable influence. It went into a number of editions and was translated into French in 1766 and Italian in 1777. In his book Macbride anticipated some of Cavendish's chemical discoveries. See the DNB XII: 424-425.
- "His career seems to have met only with a limited success until after the publication of Experimental Essays (1764), which secured him a doctorate from Glasgow (prior to this he had no degree) and a European reputation. The work dealt with various aspects of a theory that Macbride had developed from Stephen Hales's concept of air. … Stressing [air's property as a 'cementing principle'], Macbride attempted to apply the idea to medicine. … He believed that any mixture of animal and vegetable substances with water would ferment, hence the value of a mixed diet. The need for vegetable matter in the diet led to his advocacy of wort (an infusion of malt) in the treatment and prevention of scurvy. This method was favorably reported on by Captain Cook and others" [DSB VIII: 585].
Born in Brunswick, Germany, Magnus became Professor at the Reichsuniversität Utrecht in 1908 at the age of 35 and founded the Institute of Pharmacology there. His 1924 Körperstellung is the first great work on posture. He demonstrated that the labyrinth is the one sense organ entirely devoted to posture and equilibrium. His work laid the foundation for studying weightlessness in extra-atmosphereic exploration. See GM-5 #661 nad Notable Medical Books from the Lilly Library, p. 269.
The third edition adds an index. Contains 25 chapters covering theology; ethics; christianity, judaism, mahometism, paganism, ; mythology; grammar & language; rhetoric & oratory; ontology; poetry, criticism; geography; chronology; history; physiology; botany; anatomy; pharmacy; medicine; polity & economics; jurisprudence; heraldry; mathematics & science.
156 biographies from antiquity up to Martin's time. Includes biographies of Newton, Huygens, Hooke Boyle, and Leibniz.
Contains J. L. Myres' "The Beginnings of Science"; Charles Singer's "Ancient Medicine" and "The Dark Ages and the Dawn"; Arthur Platt's "Aspects of Biological and Geological Knowledge in Antiquity"; J. L. E. Dreyer's "Greek Mathematics and Astronomy"; Alfred North Whitehead's "The First Physical Synthesis"; Cecil H. Desch's "Science in the Industrial Revolution"; J. Arthur Thomson's "The Influence of Darwinism on Thought and Life"; A. E. Heath's "Science and Education"; F. G. Crookshank's "Science and Health"; Julian Huxley's "Science and Religion"; and Marvin's "Science and Human Affairs."
Dibner Heralds of Science #157 (citing "Bemerkungen über das mechanische Aequivalent der Wärme"). Collects all of Mayer's important published papers on energy conservation: "Bemerkungen über die Kräfte der unbelebten Natur"; "Die organische Bewegung in ihrem Zusammenhange mit dem Stoffwechsel"; "Ueber das Fieber"; "Beiträge zur Dynamik des Himmels"; "Bemerkungen über das mechanische Aequivalent der Wärme.""From the expenditure of animal energy he developed the broader concept that all the natural forces were in universal conservation and remained so, as a law of nature. He held that work could be convereted to heat, and heat to work, that when air is compressed the work appears as heat, and from this he calculated a numerical value for its mechanical equivalent." [Dibner Heralds]. An outsider to the physics community (he had intuited the concept of energy conservation in 1840-41 while performing physiological measurements during his stint as physician to a Dutch ship in the East Indies), Mayer's first paper on the subject had been rejected by Poggendorff, editor of Annalen der Physik. His second paper, "Bemerkungen über die Kräfte der unbelebten Natur," appeared in May 1842 in Liebig's Annalen der Chemie. In that paper Mayer elaborated the conceptual basis of his theory, articulating the notion that all forms of motion were fundamentally equivalent. It was here that Mayer took a major step towards the abstract notion of energy as something independent of individual physical manifestations.
Contains Joseph Agassi's "Sir John Herschel's Philosophy of Success"; D. C. Goodman's "Wollaston and the Atomic Theory of Dalton"; Theodore M. Brown's "The Electric Curent in Early Nineteenth-Century French Physics"; S. G. Brush & C. W. F. Everitt's "Maxwell, Osborne Reynolds, and the Radiometer"; Martin J. Klein's "Gibbs on Clausius"; Tetu Hirosige's "Origins of Lorentz' Theory of Electrons and the Concept of the Electromagnetic Field"; John L. Heilbron & Thomas S. Kuhn's "The Genesis of the Bohr Atom"; V. V. Raman & Paul Forman's "Why Was It Schrödinger Who Developed de Broglie's Ideas."
Meyer was professor at the University of Hamburg.
Contains Malinowski's "Magic, Science and Religion"; Charles Singer's "Historical Relations of Religion and Science", Aliotta's "Science and Religion in the Nineteenth Century"; Eddington's "The Domain of Physical Science"; Needham's "Mechanistic Biology and the Religious Consciousness"; William Brown's "Religion and Psychology"; etc.
Presents 63 original readings from the history of computing, networking, and telecommunications arranged thematically by chapters. Most of the readings record basic discoveries from the 1830s through the 1960s that laid the foundation of the world of digital information. Traces the historic steps from the early 19th century development of telegraph systems—the first data networks—through the development of the earliest general-purpose progammable computers and the earliest software, to the foundation in 1969 of ARPANET, the first national computer network that eventually became the Internet.Contains the editor's lengthy illustrated historical introduction anent the Internet's impact on book culture. It compares and contrasts the transition from manuscript to print in the 15th century with various electronic media that converged to form the Internet in the 20th. Also provides a comprehensive annotated timeline and introductory notes to each reading.
A chemist, Norton was Professor of Scientific Agriculture in Yale College; his book, which attemped to explain framing practices in terms of science (espeically chemistry), marked the beginning of the scientific literature on agriculture in America.
Though probably completed around 1477, Norton's chemical tract (one of three he wrote) did not appear in English until 1652 when Ashmole published his Theatrum Chemicum, preceded by a 1618 Latin translation and a 1625 German translation.
Contains Jerome S. Bruner's "The Perfectability of Intellect"; Herbert Butterfield's "History as the Organization of Man's Memory"; Kenneth Mackenzie Clark's "The Value of Art in an Expanding World"; Ian McTaggart Cowan's "Conservation and Man's Environment"; G. Evelyn Hutchinson's "On Being a Meter and a Half Long"; Arthur Koestler's "Biological and Mental Evolution—an Exercise in Analogy"; Claude Lévi-Strauss's "Anthropology: Its Achievements and Future"; Lewis Mumford's "Technics and the Nature of Man"; Robert Oppenheimer's "Physics and Man's Understanding"; Stephen E. Toulmin's "Intellectual Values and the Future"; Fred L. Whipple's "Knowledgte and Understanding of the Physical Universe as Determinants of Man's Progress."
Considered the father of experimental pharmacology, Magendie proved in a classic 1822 paper that in a spinal nerve the ventral root is motor and the dorsal root sensory in function.
The first English trnaslation with parallel Latin and English text. Grant's @ 170 page introduction is both an exposition of and detailed scholarly analysis of the text.
Ostrander was an early 19th century American mathematician and astronomer who published a number of works in both subjects.
One of the greatest English chemists, Davy was famous for his discovery of sodium and potassium, and invention of the miners' safety-lamp.
Dibner Heralds of Science 143 & Norman Catalog 1650 (both the original 1663 edition). A landmark work in 17th century mechanics. Also includes translations of extracts from Galileo's remarks on nature's abhorrence of a vacuum, , Stevin's 4th & 5th Books of Statics, & Torricelli's letters on atmospheric pressure. Pascal's posthumously published book first stated Pascal's law that pressure in a liquid is transmitted undiminished in all directions. The first and shorter part of the book deals with the hydrostatic experiments that contributed to the formulation of this principle. The larger second part describes Pascal's pioneering work with the recently invented barometer, which demonstrated that air had weight. "The relationship of barometric change and change in the weather was first outlined here" [Dibner].
Contains Pasteur's "Recherches sur la dissymétrie moléculaire des produits organiques naturels" (lectures given at the Société chimique de Paris Jam 20 & Feb 3 1860); Emile Roux's (1853-1933) " L'oeuvre médicale de Pasteur", "Loeuvre agricole de Pasteur," and "Madame Paseur."
Essays on Purkyne and various aspects of his work by 25 authors. Entirely in Czech.
5 essays on freethought; chapters on Maimonides and Spinoza, Meister Eckehart, humanism in Germany, the moral basis of socialism, the woman's question, sketch of the relations of sex in Germany, socialism and sex, etc.
The ancient "science" of character-reading from physiognomy saw its Renaissance revival in della Porta's widely influential book — one of the first such manuals to be illustrated —, which itself was the ultimate foundation of Lavater's revival of the idea in the late 18th century. As so often, Sol Diamond got its importance exactly right, for the notions of causal dependence of behavior on the body and its expressive modes as well as of the possibility of methodically correlating the two were concepts necessary for the later emergence of clinical psychology and psychiatry. Porta himself was a major figure in the emergence of natural science, though in typical Renaissance fashion he combined elements of credulity with recognition of the importance of experiment and experiential confirmation of preconceived theories.
DSB XI: 95-98; Wing P2982; Wheeler Gift Catalogue 64b; Norman Catalog 1726; Wellcome IV, p. 418; Thorndike, History of Magic & Experimental Science, VI: 418-422. Porta's first and best-known work and the basis for his reputation originally appeared in Latin in 1558 in four books, then was vastly expanded into the 20 books of the 1589 edition, of which this is the English translation. As M. Howard Rienstra noted in the DSB, Porta's book displays "that unique combination of curiosity and credulity common in the late Renaissance." In the enlarged 1589 edition, though, "Natural magic is no longer quite so pretentiously conceived as in the first edition. It presumes an orderly and rational universe into which the magician-scientist has insights that are revealed to him because of his virtue and his study. … The 1589 edition represents in part the work, discussions, and experiments that took place in Porta's academy [i.e., the Accademia dei Segreti, sometime before 1580]—hence the emphasis on experimentation and application in his definition of natural magic."Porta's empirical investigations into magnetism and optics were especially important. "Porta was the first to add a concave lens to the aperture of the camera obscura, and his comparison of the camera lens to the pupil of the eye provided an easily understood demonstration that the source of visual images lay outside the eye" [Norman catalog].
An important book on the technology of textiles, which went into numerous printings into the 20th century. Posselt was editor and publisher of Posselt's Textile Journal and a consultant on textile design & manufacture.
A sophisticated and intelligent destructive critique of pro-vitalist arguments, for an excellent discussion of which see Thomas Hall's Ideas of Life and Matter vol. 2, pp. 232-236. A polymath English physician, Prichard both laid the foundation for modern ethnology in his 1812 Researches into the Physical History of Man and originated the notion of moral insanity (more or less modern psychopathy) in his 1835 Treatise on Insanity.
Volumes 2-4 edited by F. K. Studnicka; 7-9 by V. Kruta & Z. Hornof; 10 by M. Kudelka; 11 by J. Thon. Text in German or Czech, as originally published. About as close to a complete collection as one can hope to find these days for a set published in Prague from 1918 to 1987, the total being 13 volumes. OCLC lists only a handful of libraries with any volumes. The name by the way is pronounced phonetically in English as "Poorkeenya," in German "Purkynje," exactly as Purkyne himself phonetically spelled it.
The additional surname of Saint-Etienne resulted from ownership of a smal property near Nimes, where Rabout was born. "Having gained a great reputatin by his Histoire primitive de la Grèce, he was elected deputy to the States General in 17889 by the third estate of the bailliage of Nimes. In the Constituent Assembly he worked on the framing of the constitution, spoke against the establishment of the repubic, which he considered ridiculous, and voted for the suspensive veto, as likely to strengthen the position of the crown. In the Convention he sat among the Girondists, opposed the trial of Louis XVI, was a member of the commission of twelve, and was proscribed with his party. He remained in hiding for some time, but was ultimately discovered and guillotined on the 5th of December 1793" [11th edition Encyclopedia Britannica].
"Raspail held a prominent place in the development of science in the nineteenth century. In organic chemistry he specified the properties of numerous substances . . . [and he] belonged to a group of biologists who prepared the way for the cell theory. Although it would be too strong to call him the creator of the modern concept of the cell, the definitions and descriptions he gave of the cell are truly remarkable. On the basis of precise observations he described the general characteristics of the plant cell long before Mohl . . . . As an expert microscopist, Raspail not only set forth theoretical considerations of great importance but also made many significant observations. . . . Scientists now agree that he was one of the founders of cytochemistry. As he himself put it, he brought chemical analysis under the microscope. . . . [Raspail] constructed a system of general pathology, which he set forth in his voluminous work on general health and illness . . . [in which] he provided valuable new data on the causes of various diseases. For example, he determined the agent of scabies, the itch mite . . . Raspail is therefore rightly considered one of the founders of parasitology" [DSB XI: 300-01].
Raspail is the founder of histochemistry—his 1825 paper being the first on the subject ("Développement de la fécule dans les orgnaes de la fructification …"). Duveen held that this was the first book in which the microscope was successfully used in organic chemistry, though perhaps his 1830 Essai de chimie microscopique appliquée à la physiologie, in which he detailed the histochemical tests he had used in his chemical researches. Bracegirdle briefly discusses his work in A History of Microthechnique, p. 95 (with a number of other references)."Raspail held a prominent place in the development of science in the nineteenth century. In organic chemistry he specified the properties of numerous substances . . . [and he] belonged to a group of biologists who prepared the way for the cell theory. Although it would be too strong to call him the creator of the modern concept of the cell, the definitions and descriptions he gave of the cell are truly remarkable. On the basis of precise observations he described the general characteristics of the plant cell long before Mohl, who was unaware of his existence. . . . As an expert microscopist, Raspail not only set forth theoretical considerations of great importance but also made many significant observations. . . . Scientists now agree that he was one of the founders of cytochemistry. As he himself put it, he brought chemical analysis under the microscope." [DSB XI: 300-01].
Section 1: History of Science & Technology (A-E)
Section 2: History of Science & Technology (F-L)
Section 4: History of Science & Technology (S-Z)
Return to Gach Books home page
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