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Section 2: Books Printed Before 1800 (D-J)
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Warda 32; Adickes 38.
Warda 141.
King's major philosophical work, which was very influential throughout the 18th century, as is apparent by the criticisms of the Latin edition by Bayle, Leibinz, and Johann Christoph Wolf. "King's main topics, the nature of good and evil, free will and divine foreknowledge, are discussed in terms of a philosophical theology, in which the existence of God is deduced from the need for an active Creator. Although De origine mali intitially looks to natural theology, subsequent issues, such as eternal damnation, force King to seek support from Christian revelation. His understanding of the physical world is a conventional late seventeenth-century model … Knowledge comes from the simple ideas aroused in the mind by sensation, and from reasoning about their connections and analogies. … Good does not derive from some pre-existing criterion which determines how God creates things; rather, things are good because God has chosen to create them. … King thus rejects all predetermining limitations on the will … Moral evil arises from 'undue elections' (inappropriate choices) which result in the misery of the chooser and of others." [Dictionary of Eighteenth Century British Philosophers, Vol. 2, pp. 518-522.]
Wellcome II, p. 419; Caillet 2728. Translated into English in 1665 as The Art How to Know Men.An important 17th century French work on character. Both this and La Chambre's Les caractères des passions (Amsterdam: 1658-63) are significant period contributions to psychology. Writing in an age when science and pseudoscience still weren't separate, La Chambre wrote works on the passions, chiromancy, light and rainbows, and animal rationality. La Chambre was physician to Chancellor Séguier, as well as to Louis XIII & Louis XIV. He was one of the early members of the French Academy in 1635, and later in 1666 one of the first members of the Academy of Sciences. He had been a protogé of Cardinal Richelieu, who approved the fact that as early as 1634 he chose to publish in French rather than Latin.
Wing L128; Wellcome II page 419.
An important 16th century French work on character. Both this and La Chambre's Les caractères des passions (Amsterdam: 1658-63) are significant period contributions to psychology.
Wellcome III, p 440 (this edition); Hirsch III, p. 593. The final edition of an influential period mechanist physiology and physiological psychology. Lamy was a member of the Paris Faculty of Medicine. The first part deals with sensation and the second with the passions.
Duveen & Klickstein 126. A key book in the history of modern chemistry and the foundation text for modern chemical nomenclature. "Originally suggested by Guyton de Morveau to eliminate the confused synonymy of chemistry, and prefaced by a memoir of Lavoisier, it emerged as a complete break with the past" [DSB VIII: 80]. "The work lists 55 known elements in a series of tables, introducing many new terms which have remained in standard use" [Norman Catalog 604].
Leland's last book. Virtually all of Leland's published writings were devoted to defending Christianity. Best known for his 1754 A View of the Principal Deistical Writers, his most comprehensive anti-deistic effort, Leland here "reduces the differnces dividing deists and divines to the question of the sufficiency of reason 'to answer all the purposes of religion and happiness'. He suggests that deists misconstrue the nature of natural religion, and he offers as a correction a view that is reminiscent of Locke [in The Reasonableness of Christianity]. . . . After developing this concept of natural religion, Leland goes on in the main text to offer historical evidence from the history of religions that suggests that this revised notion of natural religion is the truer one and that, therefore, reason and revelation, and natural and revealed religion, are not opposites but complements" [Dictionary of Eighteenth Century British Philosophers 2: 547].
Leland's principal work and still a valuable contribution to the history of English thought. Volume two is almost entirely devoted to observations on Hume's philosophical essays (pages 1-135) and to a defence of natural and revealed religion against the attempts made upon both in the posthumous works of Bolingbroke. A supplementary third volume including "Reflections upon Bolingbroke's Letters on the Study of History" appeared in 1756."[A]n invaluable contemporary resource of the literature of the deistical controversy in Britain, reviewing, often in great detail, the works of the most prominent deists, and providing brief summaries of the responses that these works evoked" [Dictionary of Eighteenth Century British Philosphers 2: 544]. Devotes chapters to Charles Blount, Thomas Chubb, Anthony Collins, Lord Herbert of Cherbury, Shaftesbury, Matthew Tindal, John Toland, and Thomas Woolston.
Revised STC 15458 (no entry for the 1565 first edition); Hunter & Macalpine (using the 1576 edition) p. 22; Wellcome I #3715 (no copies of the earlier editions). Best known in his own time for his influential books of secrets, Lemnius, who received his medical degree from Padua, studied with Vesalius and was friends with Dodoens and Gesner. He practiced in Zirichne, where he was born. All four English editions, of which this is the last, are rare, with OCLC listing none for the 1565 first edition, a handful for the 1576 second edition, 2 for the 1581, and ten for this fourth and last edtion. No copy of any of the English editions has appeared at auction since 1975."By complexion was meant the combination of 'qualities' such as hot and cold, moist and dry, and of the four humours in certain proportion which together made up a person's physical and mental temperament or habit; this in turn determined the diseases to which he was liable and the rules which preserved his health. This ancient pathophysiology was fully expounded by Lemnius … [In order to avoid forgetfulness, dotage, lack of right wits, doltishness, idiocy, and the like], Lemnius recommended shaving the beard as much as a matter almost of mental as physical hygiene, and on the same lines advanced the ancient method of treating diseases of the head and so also of the mind by shaving the head to allow the 'grosse vapours' offending the brain to 'fume oute.' Although even in his time many considered this practice a 'vayne or absurde fable' it continued in widespread use as a treatment of insanity for more than three centuries" [Hunter & Macalpine page 22].
GM 2071. Lettsome was a famous Quaker physician and philanthropist who practised in London during the time of George III. Pages 151-165 of his paper constitute the first description of alcoholism as a medical disease. The paper begins on page 128.
First published in French as a letter to Bolingbroke in Recueil de divers écrites sur l'amour et l'amitié, la politesse, la volupté, les sentimens agréables, l'esprit et le coeur. According to Brunet, first published separately as a book in 1743 by Lévesque's brother, but we can find no record of it. Published in 1749 both in Geneva and Paris as Theorie des sentimens agreables, from which the present work was translated. Reprinted a number of times in both French and English, with an American edition appearing in Boston in 1812, and translated into German in 1751.A book that greatly influencd both Hume and Adam Smith. "Equally learned in science, mathematics, and literature, Lévesque de Pouilly had been one of the earliest interpreters of Newtonianism in France, later visiting England, where he became the friend of Sir Isaac himself. He was also the friend of Lord Bolingbroke, and in 1720, during that statesman's exile in France, had guided him through a course of study in philosophy. Bolingbroke's Substance of Some Letters, Written originally in French, about the Year 1720, to Mr. de Pouilly was not published, however, until 1754. For his part, Pouilly published in 1736 a letter, originally written to Bolingbroke, under the title Theorie des sentimens agréables. This aesthetic and ethical work in the tradition of Shaftesbury, Dubos, and Hutcheson would certainly have been agreeable to David Hume; and it is worth noting that the manuscript would have been in the final stages of completion at the time of Hume's stay in Rheims" [Mossner The Life of David Hume, p. 97].
First published October 1788. Linguet had published in #116 of his Annales a proposal for fiscal reform. The Paris parlement condemned his tract, which managed to upset just about all the powers that then were from the king on down to the capitalists and financiers. Enraged, Linguet then published this as his response, including in it a thinly veiled warning to the king that his next blunder would be to retreat into the arms of English-style aristocratic reactionaries. He argued that this would spell disaster for the monarchy, as it would alienate the Third Estate, driving them toe revolution.
Pamphlet published by Linguet at the beginning of the French Revolution. "[A] clever French barrister, historian, and journalist, [Linguet] threw himself into the midst of the political and philosophical controversies of his time, under the impulse of an innate and quarrelsome love of contradiction. Although he took good care to remain quiet during the Reign of Terror, he perished on the scaffold. Linguet assailed the physiocrats in his Réponse aux docteurs modernes .. avec la réfutations du système des philosophes économistes (London, 1771). In his pamphlet on bread and corn, Du pain et du blé, London, 1774, reprinted in 1789 under the title Du commerce des grains … he wages war against the consumption of bread, which he calls a slow poison. He also opposed the cultivation of potatoes, which might acquire the fearful qualities of corn" [Palgrave II: 609].
GM #4967. PMM #164; Wozniak Mind & Body #27 (all the first edition); Yolton 64; Oxford Companion to Philosophy, p. 62 ("associationism"); Brett History of Psychology, 2: 262-263 and Diamond Roots of Psychology 12.3 (both the 4th edition); Hunter & Macalpine, pp. 236-239 (1st & 4th editions). The penultimate lifetime edition, the last lifetime edition issued with the frontis portrait, and—other than the first—the most important edition, for it is in this edition that Locke added the chapter on the association of ideas (Book II Chapter XXXIII), as well as a chapter on enthusiasm. Locke's chapter title—though not his actual discussion of the subject—is the origin of associationism, as elaborated much later by Hartley, Hume, James Mill, and Bain and, mistaken interpretation or not, is consensually regarded as the Ursprung of experimental psychology as opposed to merely speculative philosophical psychology.
- The foundation text for empirical psychology and the beginning of British empiricism. One of the great books in the history of thought. Of this 4th edition Diamond wrote: "Locke, who was too reasonable a man to be even a thoroughgoing empiricist …, was not at all an associationist. Association had no part in the original Essay, but in the fourth edition he added a chapter pointing to the chance 'connexion of ideas' (probably his rendering of 'liaison des idées,' which he would have met in Malebranche) as a major source of error in thinking. The more fortunate phrase, association of ideas, occurs only in the chapter title and is perhaps derived from the word consociatione which Molyneux used in the Latin edition which was being prepared simultaneously and for which the chapter was indeed written. In time, however, this phrase became so riveted to Locke's name that the later associationists came to look upon him as their founder" [Diamond p. 281].
- "In the chapter 'Of Association of Ideas' which first appeared in the fourth edition … Locke continued where Hobbes had left off and showed that feelings as well as ideas were associated and aroused in the same way. Recognition of this fact has given psychotherapy one of its important tools. Locke explained by it how a person might react emotionally to a certain situation without necessarily knowing why and in this foresaw the mechanism Freud called transference. … Locke anticipated also the psychological 'complexes' which have dominated psychopathology in modern times" [Hunter & Macalpine]. Locke also articulated the classical distinction between idiocy and madness (Chapter XI, sect. 12 & 13, page 77 in the 4th edition), which remained the standard right up to modern times.
GM #4967. PMM #164; Wozniak Mind & Body #27 (all the first edition); Yolton 64; Oxford Companion to Philosophy, p. 62 ("associationism"); Brett History of Psychology, 2: 262-263 and Diamond Roots of Psychology 12.3 (both the 4th edition).The foundation text for empirical psychology and the beginning of British empiricism. One of the great books in the history of thought. Of this 4th edition Diamond wrote: "Locke, who was too reasonable a man to be even a thoroughgoing empiricist …, was not at all an associationist. Association had no part in the original Essay, but in the fourth edition he added a chapter pointing to the chance 'connexion of ideas' (probably his rendering of 'liaison des idées,' which he would have met in Malebranche) as a major source of error in thinking. The more fortunate phrase, association of ideas, occurs only in the chapter title and is perhaps derived from the word consociatione which Molyneux used in the Latin edition which was being prepared simultaneously and for which the chapter was indeed written. In time, however, this phrase became so rivetted to Locke's name that the later associationists came to look upon him as their founder" [Diamond p. 281].
GM #4967. PMM #164; Wozniak Mind & Body #27 (all the first edition); Yolton 65. The last lifetime edition.The foundation text for empirical psychology and the beginning of British empiricism. One of the great books in the history of thought.
WIng L2749; Attig 440. Locke's reply to Bishop Stillingfleets' attack in the latter's 1696 Discourse in Vindication of the Doctrine of the Trinity, penned by Stillingfleet after reading a pamphlet, based on Locke's Essay, by the Irish pantheist John Toland that argued there was nothing mysterious in Christianity.
Yolton page 348. Arranged for publication by his literary executors Anthony Collins and Peter King.
Yolton #368.
GM 2nd ed. #4194; Norman Catalog 1391; Hunter & Macalpine p. 736; Zilboorg p. 302. The standard late 18th century description of melancholy."Lorry showed how one could make use of the mind's influence on the body in curing melancholias. He differentiated melancholia nervosa from melancholia humoralis, and described a type of melancholia 'complicated with mania, which is indicated by a partial delirium, attended by exaltation of the imagination, or an exciting passion' (Esquirol, des maladies mentales, quoted in Hunter and Macalpine)" [Norman Catalog]. Lorry is most famous for founding French dermatology, with his 1777 Tractatus e morbis cutaneis being both the first modern textbook on the subject and the last major dermatological work written in Latin.
The older brother of Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, Mably was a French philosopher & politician born in Grenoble. Though now obscure, he was widely read in the 18th century. His writings contributed to the concepts of communism and republicanism that emerged after his death. Two posthumously published works influenced early deliberations on the assembly of the Estates-General in 1789: an enlarged version of his 1765 Histoire de France and Des droits et des devoirs du citoyen, written in 1758 but withheld from publication until 1789, when it appeared to great acclaim despite efforts by the authorities to suppress it. In the latter Mably warned against just the extremes that the French Revolution turned into.
- Contents: Vols 1-3: Observations sur l'histoire de France précédée de l'éloge historique de l'Abbé [Gabriel] Brizard (a 120 page euology on Mably, first published in 1788).
- 4: Observations sur les Grecs (1749) and Observations sur les Romains (1751).
- 5-7: Principes des négociations pour servir d'introduction au droit public de l'Europe, fondé sur les traités (about 1757). [and] Le droit public de l'Europe … (1746).
- 8: Du gouvernement et des loix de la Pologne (1770s) [and] Observations sur le gouvernement et les lois des États-Unis d'Amérique (1784).
- 9: De la legislation, ou Principes de lois (1776).
- 10: Entretiens de Phocion, sur l'introduction de la morale avec la politique (1763). [The work for which he was best known in his lifetime.]
- 11: Doutes proposées aux philosophes économistes sur l' Ordre naturel et essentiel des sociétés politiques (1768) [and] Des droits et des devoirs du citoyen.
- 12: De l'étude de l'histoire à Monseigneur le prince de Parme (1775) [and] De la manière d'écrire l'histoire (1783).
The principal proponent of Cartesianism, Malebranche studied philosophy at the Collège de la Marche and theology at the Sorbonne; in 1660 he joined the congregation of the Oratory, becoming a priest in 1664. He is most famous for his 1674 On the Search for Truth. His last book, this is his major statement on free will and physical determinism.
One of the most influential 18th century British contributions to social & economic thought, the first edition of which is very rare. Mandeville strongly favored free trade and the production of luxuries, but opposed educating the poor on the grounds that knowledge multiplies our desires without providing the means for fulfilling them. Adam Smith was much influenced by Mandeville.
The "Vindication" first appeared in the 1724 third edition. Mandeville's famous book originated in a 433-line poem published as a pamphlet in 1705, "The Grumbling Hive: or Knaves Turn'd Honest," which made the central argument of the Fable that selfishness and private vices resulted in public virtues, a direct prefiguration of Adam Smith's laissez-faire economics. Mandeville's defense of the numerous attacks against his pamphlet led to his vastly expanding his original poem into a full-scale book, the 1714 Fable of the Bees.One of the most influential 18th century British contributions to social & economic thought and a direct precursor of the liberal economic tradition, the first edition of which is very rare. Though strongly favoring free trade and the production of luxuries, Mandeville opposed educating the poor on the grounds that knowledge multiplies our desires without providing the means for fulfilling them. Adam Smith was much influenced by Mandeville.
Hunter & Macalpine p. 296. The first book on minor mental maladies written for patients rather than physicians. Mandeville describes his own bout with melancholy when he developed the delusion that he had syphilis.
Not in OCLC; not in Diethelm's Medical Dissertations of Psychiatric Interest Printed Before 1750. Dissertation submitted to the University of Paris Faculty of Medicine, taken under Paulo-Jacobo Maloüin.
The third edition adds an index. Contains 25 chapters covering theology; ethics; christianity, judaism, mahometism, paganism, ; mythology; grammar & language; rhetoric & oratory; ontology; poetry, criticism; geography; chronology; history; physiology; botany; anatomy; pharmacy; medicine; polity & economics; jurisprudence; heraldry; mathematics & science.
Enormously popular in Britain & America, Mason's was probably the most reprinted psychology book of the 18th & 19th centuries. The title changes somewhat for some of the 19th century editions, but all retain the essential term "Self-Knowledge."A nonconformist minister born in Dunmow, Essex, Mason published three books, of which his famous treatise on self-knowledge is the only one of psychological and philosophical interest. "Mason argues that self-knowledge is foundational to other kinds of knowledge. Different minds, he says, hunger after different kinds of knowledge — of the world, of God, of science — according to temperament. The need for self-knowledge, however, is common to us all. It consists in asking, and answering, a number of questions, such as what kinds of creatures we are, what are our relations with God and our fellow men, what are our own talents, capacities, and faculties, and how do we know and perceive sin. The means of self-knowledge is self-examination; its end is self-government. By following this system, which Mason says is 'scientific', people are led to humility, moderation, decorum, piety and happiness" [Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century British Philosophers 2:603, incorrectly giving the date of the first as 1746].
Traditionally but falsely attributed to Zachary Mayne, which is impossible since the author refers to the 3rd edition of Locke's Essay, while the only known Zachary Mayne in this period died in 1694. Buickerood attributes the book to Charles Mayne, partly on the grounds that this was just about the only philosophical book in the library of Mayne's close friend William Congreve, who died in 1729."Two Dissertations comprises careful accounts of sense, imagination, reason and their respective contributions to cognition. The author is primarily interested in defeating what he was convinced was the pernicious influence of John Locke's 'way of ideas' and its implications for our understanding of human nature" [James Buickerood's article on Mayne in vol. 2 of The Dictionary of Eighteenth Century British Philosophers, ed. by John Yolton et al.]. Mayne considers sensation to be purely passive, while intelligibility and all other cognitive functions are informed by consciousness, of which Mayne provides a detailed analysis. Consequently, Mayne explains irrational mental phenomena such as madness and dreams as non-conscious, as are the sensory & imaginative operations of brute nature.
OCLC records no copies of the Latin edition earlier than this third edition for which six locations are cited: Harvard, Dartmouth, Drexel, Middlebury College, Nat Lib of Scotland, and Oxford. Brunet (5th ed.) III, 1620; Graesse IV, 485 (neither citing an edition earlier than the 1716). Originally delivered as lectures and apparently first published in 1713, though we can find no record of the existence of a 1713 edition. Translated into German in 1714 as Zwei Reden von der charlataneria. Both this third & the 1726 fourth edition contain the objections to Mencken's text expressed in letters by Christoph August Heumann (1681-1763) [using the pseudonym Sebastianus Stadelius]. Rector at Leipzig, Heumann was a notable and many-faceted scholar, philosopher, and theologian who edited the first philosophical journal, Acta philosophorum from 1711 to 1726.An important book that attacked medical quacks and the pseudolearned in mathematics, philosophy, and other erudite fields. Mencken translated the common German term "Scharlatan" into Latin since, as he wrote, there was no appropriate Latin word for the idea. The German word, as well as the English "charlatan," derives from "Cerretani," the inhabitants of the Italian town of Cerreto, whose tramps and vagrants in the Middle Ages used trickery to relieve the guileless of their money. Mencken extended the notion of charlatanry to the learned professions. Translated into English in 1937 with introduction and notes by H. L. Mencken (who was not related to Johann).
Howes M653 (no date assigned); Evans 19803; not in Sabin (though other editions are); OCLC entry 19980811. Barbier & Quérard's Dictionnaire des ouvrages anonymes cite Chamfort as the second author. Pages 1-45 in substance reprint (translated back from French) the 1783 pamphlet Considerations on the Society or Order of Cincinnati, which was signed "Cassius" but written by Aedanus Burke (1743-1802), judge of the South Carolina State circuit court. Burke argued that the Order of Cincinnatus, a Masonic organization limited to officers of the American Revolution and their eldest male descendants, threatened to establish an uncontrollable hereditary aristocracy that endangered the constitution. Very much agreeing with Burke's thesis, Mirabeau recast Burke's text into his own oratorical French, adding a postscript and numerous notes. Pages 73-82 contain "Circular letter, addressed to the state societies of the Cincinnati by the general meeting convened at Philadelphia on the 3d of May 1784, and signed by General Washington, as president of the order", with notes by the authors, who praise Washington highly for abolishing hereditary succession in the society.
- A very complicated text. Considérations sur l'ordre de Cincinnatus, ou Imitation d'un pamphlet anglo-américain first appeared in 1784, published in London by J. Johnson. It contained a long "lettre" by Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot (1727-1781), the French Minister of Finance. Turgot's letter on the constitutions of America had first appeared (in French) appended to the 1784 pamphlet titled Observations on the Importance of the American Revolution, and the Means of Making It a Benefit to the World by Richard Price (1723-1791), published in London and reprinted the same year in Boston. Later in 1784, Johnson published an expanded version, with a full translation of Price's pamphlet into French, with added notes by Guy-Jean-Baptiste Target (1733-1806), a French lawyer.
- Though one must always view sceptically 18th century French titles with London imprints, in this case the imprint is probably real, since Mirabeau was living in London at the time, and since Johnson also published in 1785 Samuel Romilly's English translation of the expanded version, albeit with Price's text abstracted. Johnson reprinted the expanded version in 1788. The 1785 American version that we have, reduces Turgot's commentary to most of page 42 (it occupied 20 pages in Price's pamphlet), and omits completely both Price's text and Target's commentary. This was the first work Mirabeau published using his name and "is a good specimen of his method" [11th Britannica]. He went on to play a significant role in the early days of the French Revolution, attempting unsuccessfully to transform the French government into a Constitutional Monarchy.
Disquisition by a Catholic priest on various forms of profane love with sections on adultery, bigamy, concupiscence, jealousy, etc.
Not in OCLC.
Wing M2679. A late book by this important Cambridge Platonist. As the title suggests, a strident argument against astrology. Includes the four chapters from Butler's book that occasioned More's refutation.
The most important statement of his metaphysical views by this great Cambridge Platonist. Norris here considerably modifies his Platonism in the direction of Cartesian dualism, adopting even the Cartesian doctrine of animal mechanism.
Wing N1418.
Not much is known about Nourse, whom the DNB describes as a miscellaneous writer. He matriculated at University College, Oxford, in 1655; entered holy orders and became a notable preacher; converted to Roman Catholicism in 1672, recanted during an illness in 1677, then recanted his recantation after recovering. He published three books, of which this is his first. A second edition appeared in 1697 (the DNB also lists a 1689 imprint, but we have found no record of it). Nourse's book is of some significance in that it marks a transition from regarding evidence provided by the body as inferior to reason and revelation to esteeming the body and its ways of knowing the world. Nourse argues that man possesses two souls, one conformable to "the Animal Faculties," and one to "the Rational Faculties" — or body and mind, which interact through the Passions. This led Nourse to revalue the body and sensation, hitherto theologically devalued as the site of corruption and error, thus pointing to a future that greatly valued sensation as, on the one hand, the foundation of aesthetics, and, on the other hand, the source for scientific knowledge.
Hirsch IV, p. 389. An early monograph on rabies by a distinguished Irish physician who was Edmund Burke's father-in-law, a member of the Literary Club and also (later) a Fellow of the Royal Society. Apparently Nugent's only book, this was translated into French in 1754.
OCLC Worldcat locates 7 copies, of which only two are in North America (at NLM and the Univ of Maryland Health Sciences Library). University of Edinburgh medical dissertation on nervous fever.Section 1: Books Printed Before 1800 (A-C)
Section 2: Books Printed Before 1800 (D-J)
Section 4: Books Printed Before 1800 (O-S)
Section 5: Books Printed Before 1800 (T-Z)
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