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Koeberle was Privatdozent in Theology at the University of Erlangen.
Norman Catalog 1242; GM 4988 (both the 1st German edition).
Kretschmer's major presentation of his constitutional theory of personality in which he introduced the concepts of schizo- and cyclothymic temperaments and of the asthenic, pyknic, & hypoplastic body types. One of the two most influential 20th century studies of character (the other being Jung's Psychological Typen). W. H. Sheldon's work directly derives from Kretschmer's.
Chapters on reflex centers of the cerebral cortex, temporal development of reflexes, the unconscious and dreams, feeling, will, animal minds, etc.
Written while Külpe was still very much a Wundtian, and dedicated to Wundt, this was — after Wundt's 1873-74 Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie — the next great textbook of experimental psychology, notably absent from which is any discussion of cognition, of which there were not yet any experiments to report. This was just the lacuna that Külpe's imageless school of thought at Würzburg was to occupy. See Boring's extended discussion in his History of Experimental Psychology.
Only copy cited in OCLC is at the Rijksuniversiteit in Groningen, but listed in the Widener Library Shelflist, 43, Philosophy & Psychology Vol. I, p. 443. Lange was a senior primary school teacher (Oberlehrer) in Plauen, Saxony. Translated into English in 1893 for Heath's Pedagogical Series. There were at least 9 revised German editions through 1906. The last incarnation of the English translation was in 1911.A Herbartian study with a historical chapter detailing the views of Leibniz, Kant, Herbart, Lazarus, Steinthal, & Wundt on apperception.
An early psychological study of play. Lazarus, who held the world's first chair in ethnopsychology at the University of Bonn from 1862 on, was a Herbartian who, with Steinthal founded ethnopsychology.
Apparently not in OCLC. Contains 28 papers delivered at the conference, seven of which deal with retardation: F. Simon's "Anteil der Religion an der Erziehung der seelisch Schwachen und Haltlosen"; P. Ranschburg's "Die Rechenfertigkeit und Rechenfähigkeit der geistig Defekten und Sinnesdefekten"; G. Oberhauser's "Untersuchungen über die Zahlbegriffsbildung beim Taubstummen"; L. Szondi's "Neuere Ergebnisse auf dem Gebiete der Therapie der Schwachsinnigen"; W. von Wieser's "Röntgenologische Beeinflussung somatischer Veränderungen beim Schwachsinn und bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems im Kindesalter"; W. Tittneben's "Demonstration eines Apparates zur objektiven Sinnesprüfung Schwachsinniger (Einführende Bemerkungen)"; H. Velthuisen's "Apparat zur objektiven Sinnesprüfung Schwachsinniger."
Trained in philosophy, Lévy-Bruhl was in 1896 appointed professor of the history of modern philosophy at the Sorbonne, just when his interests turned to anthropology. An armchair anthropologist like Frazer, Lévy-Bruhl published between 1910 and 1938 six books on the primitive mind, of which this is the second, preceded by his 1910 Les fonctions mentales dans les sociétés inférieures. He held that the thinking of "primitive" peoples is both prelogical and mystical. By "mystical" he meant that primitive peoples experience the world as identical with themselves; by "prelogical" he meant that, indifferent to contradictions, they deem all things identical with one another yet somehow still distinct. Jung relied on Lévy-Bruhl for his knowledge of "primitive" peoples but explained primitive mentality psychologically rather than sociologically. Whereas for Lévy-Bruhl "primitive" thinking evolutionarily preceded the "modern" logical type of thinking of civilized peoples, for Jung it was a universal characteristic of all humans.
Professor at Prague, Lindner was the chief Austrian adherent of Herbart. His textbook, a presentation of Herbart's ideas, was the standard text used in Austrian schools. throughout the late 19th century — indeed, Freud's knowledge of Herbart stems from his reading of it (See Jones, I, p.58).
OCLC records 7 copies, 5 in the USA: NY Publick, LC, Center for Research, Indiana, & Harvard Law School. Michele was professor of law and criminal procedure at the University of Naples.
Zusne Biographical Dictionary of Psychology, p. 269; Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists 2nd ed., II: 568; DSB VIII: 540-41; Rothschuh History of Physiology, pp. 204-212. Along with three other students of Johannes Müller (Dubois-Reymond, Brücke, and Helmholtz) Ludwig established medicine and physiology (and by extension psychology) on a mechanistic basis, completely demolishing vitalism, precisely as they intended to do. Ludwig's pathbreaking textbook firmly established physiology as a physico-chemical enterprise.The best exposition of Ludwig's work, in which he "presented the strongest case in the 19th century for a mechanistic physiology. He aimed to reduce the organism to its fundamental constituets and thereafter explain its processes by forces of attraction and repulsion between them. Impressed by the ability of the salivary glands to continue secreting, even after decapitation, when the appropriate nerve is stimulated, Ludwig concluded that there was no role for any 'vital' principle in the body" [Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists].
La Vie humaine, fasc. 3.
Adjunct director of the psychopathological laboratory at the École Pratique des Hautes Études, Mac-Auliffe attempted to construct a character typology based on colloidal chemistry, the inspiration for which stemmed from Sigaud & Claude Bernard. Judging from the photographs, the resulting four types seem remarkably like Kretschmer's, which were being developed at the same time in Germany.
Rieber Catalog #274. Abandoning his earlier adherence to Locke and Condillac, Maine de Biran argued here in his first psychological book that consciousness is maintained by will—something quite apart from a mere concatenation of sensations. Maine de Biran's emphasis on will and activity has remained an important theme in French psychology. Translated into English in 1929 as The Influence of Habit on the Faculty of Thinking.Few of Maine de Biran's writings were published during his lifetime, the first book collection not appearing until 1834, with Victor Cousin adding three additional volumes in 1841 under the title Oeuvres philosophiques de Maine de Biran. In 1859 E. Naville brought out the first definitive collection of his writings as Oeuvres inédites de Maine de Biran in three volumes, edited from manuscripts made available from Biran's son.
OCLC lists 7 copies: Yale; Northern Ill; Harvard; Queen's Univ; Universities of Michigan, Montreal, & Tasmania. Mervoyer's doctoral dissertation; he published in 1867 Écrit une Grammaire de la langue anglaise and became a professor at the Lycée de Douai.
Not in OCLC or the Deutsche Bibliothek. Essentially an application of Franz Brentano's ideas to pedagogy. Mohr, about whom we have been able to find out nothing, also discusses Stumpf, Lotze (extensively), and Wundt. We have tentatively assumed that the author is the German pedagogue and poet whose dates we give. No matter which Mohr wrote this, it is a rare early discussion of Brentano's relevance to education.
"The Herbartian School more or less strictly followed the master's doctrine that feeling is reducible to relations between ideas. An attempt to make this view acceptable in a new atmosphere is seen in J. W. Nahlowsky's Das Gefühlsleben (1862; second ed., 1884; third, 1907). The new point in this work was the union of the original doctrine with Lotze's conception of vital activity. The struggle of the presentations which Herbart formulated as a doctrine of conflicting or co-operating energies, added and subtracted mathematically, here loses its abstract nature and becomes a concrete exposition of desires and feelings. But the essence of the Herbartian doctrine is that presentations are original. Consequently, feelings are derivative, and must either depend on ideas or come into the circle of ideas, as it were, surreptitiously. Nahlowsky abandons the theoretical basis so far as to distinguish between lower and higher feelings — that is, between feelings as dependent on sensations (colours, sounds, and the like) and feelings dependent on ideas (aesthetic, moral). The former can only be treated physiologically, and if it is maintained that the physiological process, by increase or decrease of ativity, produces felt differences, it is no longer possible to avoid the argument that this doctrine requires for its completion a theory of the unconscious" [Brett III: 169-70].
Wellcome IV, 245; Barbier Dictionnaires des ouvrages anonymes, 3rd. ed., II, 391 (attributing authorship to Normant, described as an "ancien aide de camp du Gen. Moreau." OCLC lists 7 libraries with copies, 4 in the USA: Minnesota, Chicago, Hopkins, & UCLA.The first book-length exposition of Gall's theories in French, preceded only by Charles de Villers' 82-page pamphlet issued in 1802 and entitled Lettre à Georges Cuvier … sur une nouvelle théorie du cerveau, par le docteur Gall … There were about 10 earlier works on Gall's ideas published in German and Dutch between 1802 and 1804. Apparently unknown to Hollander, despite his efforts to track down any text referring to Gall in his In Search of the Soul. Jean Victor Marie Moreau (1763-1813), to whom Normant was apparently an aide, was an important French general in the 1790s and under Napoleon.
Of the five editions issued through 1920, the second is the major revision and was translated into English in 1889 by Herbert Strong.Paul was a pioneer German linguist and a leading late 19th century neogrammarian. One of the great books both in the history of linguistics and in the psychology of language, his Prinzipien der Sprachgeschichte helped set linguistics and the psychology of language on a historical basis within the human sciences.
Contains chapters on automatism and suggestion.
Piaget's third published book on developmental psychology.
Pillsbury's first book, not published in English until 1908.
The ancient "science" of character-reading from physiognomy saw its Renaissance revival in della Porta's widely influential book — one of the first such manuals to be illustrated —, which itself was the ultimate foundation of Lavater's revival of the idea in the late 18th century. As so often, Sol Diamond got its importance exactly right, for the notions of causal dependence of behavior on the body and its expressive modes as well as of the possibility of methodically correlating the two were concepts necessary for the later emergence of clinical psychology and psychiatry. Porta himself was a major figure in the emergence of natural science, though in typical Renaissance fashion he combined elements of credulity with recognition of the importance of experiment and experiential confirmation of preconceived theories.
The first textbook of developmental psychology and Preyer's most important book, translated into English in 1888-89 in two volumes as The Mind of the Child. "Preyer's book provided the greatest single impetus to the development of modern ontogenetic psychology" [Zusne Biographical Dictionary of Psychology, p. 347].
Enlarged editions appeared in 1762 and 1773, and posthumous editions in 1790 and 1798.
- Diamond 15.8: "Reimarus, a Deist, presented a theory of instinct from the standpoint of 'natural theology' … the book was soon translated into French [and Dutch] and exercised great influence. … German writers especially regard this book as the beginning of modern instinct theory."
- Wilm pp. 94-118: "Reimarus not only anticipated much of the Naturphilosophie of post-Kantian philosopphy in Germany, … but forecast one of the most influential trends in modern biological psychology, which sees in instinct a non-acquired character (anti-Lamarckian)" [p. 95].
- Reimarus, Professor of Oriental Languages at the Hamburg Gymnasium, made the first sustained nonanthropomorphic studies of animal behavior. He "undertook a minute analysis of instincts in different species [and] wished to demonstrate that neither the mechanists nor the sensationalists could give them a proper account. Against the Cartesians, especially La Mettrie and Buffon, he offered examples of animals whose behavior could not result simply from fixed corporeal structures: for instance, young calves, rams, and goats attempted to butt with horns that had yet to sprout — which showed that the soul, not anatomy, guided the animal in the use of its organs. Against Condillac, Guer, and other sensationalists — who believed instincts really to be learned habits — Reimarus produced many instances of behavior stereotyped in species, especially behavior that appeared immediately after birth. … Reimarus produced the challenge that later biological theorists had to meet: the explanation of behavior that was unlearned and uniform in a species" [Richards Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior, pp. 520-521].
The only volume of Schaller's Psychology to be published. A minor Hegelian, of the theological branch, Schaller taught at Halle and signficantly influenced the ideas of the theologian Albrecht Ritschl.
Mostly devoted to a discussion of sense perception. The first volume, which set forth Schien's general psychology, appeared in 1922.
The last revised edition with extensive alterations by Schopenhauer.
Contains William Stern's "Über die psychologischen Methoden der Intelligenzprüfung" (pp. 1-109) and Karl Marbe's "Die Bedeutung der Psychologie für die übrigen Wissenschaften und die Praxis" (pp. 110-113). Also contains abstracts of papers by Külpe, G. E. Müller, Ach, Karl Bühler, C. S. Myers, Köhler, David Katz, Jaensch, Wertheimer, Pfungst ("Zur Psychologie der Affen" and "Über sprechende Hunde"), and others.
Contains L. v. Karpinska's "Experimentelle Beiträge zur Analyse der iefenwahrnehmung"; Hans Henning's "Das Panunmsche Phänomenon"; P. ZImmermann's "Über die Abhängigkeit des Tiefeneindrucks von der Deutlichkeit der Konturen."
Semon's second & last book on the psychology of memory.
Sergi introduced psychology into Italian universities; his 1873 I Principii di psicologia was the first European systematic psychological treatise, slightly preceding Wundt's. In it Sergi followed Lewes's view of "the mind as a function of the organism." "Thanks to Sergi, at the beginning of the twentieth century Italian psychology not only had caught up with psychology in many other countries, but, from some points of view, was even more advanced" [Marzi & Chiari "Italy," p.229 in Sexton & Misiak.
Blake p. 415. Séze was at the University of Montpellier.
A classic of child psychology.
Also published separately in book-form in 1938.
Wozniak Classics in Psychology, 1855-1914: Historical Essays, pp. 30-34 [from which my account is largely taken]; Boring A History of Experimental Psychology [1929 edition], pp. 606 & 666; Zusne Biographical Dictionary of Psychology p. 419. The foundation text for scientific psychology in France. The first volume contains Taine's psychology proper, while the second volume is primarily epistemological in orientation. "Of particular importance for future directions taken by French scientific psychology were Taine's positivism, reductive sensationalism [derived from Condillac], theory of hallucination, analysis of memory, and recognition of the existence of unconscious mentality" [Wozniak, p. 31]. For Taine it was sensations that correspond to external reality, with mental images representing sensations, while general ideas were reduced to names that signified the images standing for sensations. Taine explained hallucinations as images that lacked a normally present second state that extinguished the images' external location. In his discussion of memory Taine emphasized the central role played by the degree of attention to the original event. By emphasizing the importance of unconscious mental processes and by relying greatly on data drawn from psychopathology and exceptional mental states, Taine "initiated the French tradition that the normal mind is to be understood by a study of the abnormal" [Boring].Perhaps the greatest 19th century positivist contribution to psychology, Taine's book laid out a program for keeping psychological generalizations tied to experimental facts (his positivism). Binet dated the birth of experimental psychology in France to the publication of De l'intelligence in 1870. Taine greatly influenced Ribot, Janet and Binet. He "brought the study of psychopathology within the ambit of the new science as it emerged in France; and, in so doing, he helped impart to French psychology its distinctive character" [Wozniak, p. 34].
Publication of the Città di Milano Laboratorio Civico di Psicologia Pura ed Applicata, which Treves directed with Saffiotti an assistant.
Examines simulation in both animals and humans.
GM 607. "Wagner was professor at Göttingen. His literary output was enormous. In the above work he contributed the sections on sympathetic nerves, nerve-ganglia, and nerve-endings. This work contained 63 extensive review articles from 30 authors" [GM].Contains E. H. Weber's Der Tastsinn und das Gemeingefühl (Band 3, 2. Abt., pp. 481-588), GM 1459, one of the great papers in the history of psychology & the foundation for all subsequent work on the sense of touch as well as somesthetic sensibility. Also contains contributions by Lotze (on vision), A. W. Volkmann (vision), F. W. Hagen (psychology & psychiatry), & J. E. Purkinje (on sleep, dreams, and waking states). Hagen's, Volkmann's & Purkinje's papers are all cited by Freud in Die Traumdeutung (Strachey's Bibliography A).
An experimental psychologist trained by Wundt, Wirth did important research into the psychology of attention [See Boring, 1st ed. of Hist. of Exper. Psych., p. 642].
Along with his 1732 Psychologia Empirica one of the most important 18th century psychological texts. Wolff's distinction between deductive (rational) and empirical psychology (which he named) has held to this day. Wolff construed psychology as part of metaphysics, distinguishing between rational and empirical psychology (which field he named) according to their methods: the former being deductive while the latter is based on observation. He adopted a sophisticated psychophysical parallelism virtually indistinguishable from materialism (which his critics were quick to note). Though a systematist and in no sense an experimentalist, Wolff's emphasis on the importance of observation of body events encouraged the experimental psychological tradition. It was Wolff who introduced the term 'Begriff' (concept) into German philosophy.
Essays on philosophy & knowledge, brain & soul, the growth of experimental psychology, animal psychology, affects & ideas, the language of thought, Will, Spiritualism, Lessing & the critical method, etc.
First published in 1873-74, Wundt's Grundzüge went through six revisions. Systematically covering the range of psychological fact, the Grundzüge — though titled a "physiological psychology" — was Wundt's "great argument for an experimental psychology" (Boring 1950, p. 323).
With a new six-page foreword to the second edition.
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